Brief Account of V.S.Naipaul’s Description of India in His...

V.S.Naipaul’s â€Å"An Area of Darkness† is a semi-autobiographical account of a year he spent in India in 1964 in which he describes the country from his outlook. The book is written in the first person narrative voice and Naipaul uses descriptive passages very well to outline his themes. The title ‘’An Area of Darkness’’ refers to India and many of the negative aspects of the Indian culture is highlighted and Naipaul seems to see the whole bleakness of the culture at every stage. Naipaul gives the reader a vivid insight into the various sects and cultural systems dominating India. Naipaul analyses the whole colonial process and there is a copious references to the Hinduism and Muslims and Buddhism and he paints some vivid pictures of the†¦show more content†¦Naipaul described of many squatters he saw in India. He wrote of people squatting and defecating beside railway tracks, along river banks, on the streets, never looking for cove r, rarely with any sense of embarrassment. Naipaul says that even the Indians when presented with public lavatories were as likely to use the floor as anything else. He says that Indians do not see these squatters, and certainly do not see the problem. He adds that the interest in sanitation are the concern of latrine-cleaners, not the concern of other castes, and to clean up after oneself would be unseemly, that unnecessary labour outside the required actions of one’s caste was degrading. Though obviously not something Naipaul saw personally he did spent time discussing Gandhi, relating to it the issues of public sanitation and caste. Naipaul speaks about Mahatma Gandhi and how he was able to look at India squarely and see its problem in a totally objective manner. Gandhi, having spent twenty years in South Africa, saw India through an outsider’s eye. He saw sanitation linked to caste and that caste was linked to a disregard for others as well as inefficiency and a n eedlessly and hopelessly divided country, all of which lead to weakness and the rule of India by foreigners. Naipaul says that Gandhi tried repeatedly to attack the psychology of caste, to show that

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The protein fraction from 70 percent saturation of recrystallised ammonium sulphate was found to have the maximum protein content (19.6 mg/g flower) and hence it was selected for further studies and is abbreviated as PAF in the present study. 4. We will write a custom essay sample on PLATE or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2.1 Characterization of the selected PAF by Native PAGE and SDS PAGE The selected PAF was characterized by column chromatography. This showed a single peak and was further characterized in native PAGE and SDS page. The results are shown in Plate the SDS-PAGE analysis of the ammonium sulphate precipitated protein extract showed 15 different protein bands with good visibility in CBB R250 staining method (Figure). PLATE CHARACTER IZATION OF PFPa BY PAGE AND SDS PAGE A – Standard Protein Markers; B – PAGE; C– SDS PAGE Each fraction showed a number of major and minor bands indicating several proteins. Of the several bands obtained in 70 per cent saturation of ammonium sulphate, the major band alone was eluted. In order to find out the presence of subunits in this band, it was further subjected to SDS PAGE. The results showed one major protein indicating the absence of subunits. The molecular weight of this protein was found to be 99 KD when compared to the standard molecular markers. 4.3. Fifty percent effective dose of selected protein fraction of Plumeria alba The free radical scavenging capacity of PFC was tested by its ability to bleach the stable DPPH. The DPPH (2,2 diphenyl -1- picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was carried out using different concentrations of PFC (Figure). The radical scavenging activity was found to be dose dependent. Figure Percentage Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Selected protein fraction of Plumeria alba The protein fraction of Plumeria flower extract showed the dose dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity. From the graph, the 50 percent effective concentrations of these were found to be 28 Â µg and 35 Â µg and used in the further studies. Free radicals and their scavenging systems play important role in the healing of normal and delayed types of wounds. The dose response curve of DPPH radical scavenging activity 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ascorbic acid Plant sampleDPPH RadicalScavenging 9(%) of the extract and standards showed that at the highest concentration (0.5mg ml-1) the scavenging effect of the methanolic extract reached 9.3% (Afolayan et al., 2008). Shyuret al. (2005) also reported that the scavenging activity for free radicals of 1,1diphyryl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) has been widely used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural products from plants. The antioxidant activities of the leafy vegetables of India were measured in different systems of assays such as DPPH assay, super oxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation assay and IC50 values were calculated (Dasgupta and De 2007). 4.4. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization – Time of Flight Mass Spectra (MALDI-TOF MS) MALDI-TOF mass spectra were used for the analysis of peptide mass fingerprinting and MS/MS ion search identification of the in-gel trypsin digested protein fragments (Figure 5), selected peptide masses were submitted to Mascot (http://www.matrixscience.com) for SwissProt databases search. There was no conclusive match in peptide mass fingerprinting, since MS/MS ion search program was selected for further identification. The MS/MS ion search in the NCBIProt database revealed that, WRKY transcription factor WRKY24-like isoform X1 [Juglans regia] (Figure 6-7) with the protein score of 81 (Protein score is 10*Log(P), where P is the probability that the observed match is a random event. Protein scores greater than 80 are significant (p How to cite PLATE, Papers

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â€Å"Anger suppressed can literally ‘eat away at our guts. ’† By Tyler Dunivan-Scott Our feelings and emotions and our likes and dislikes give our life meaning. That which makes us happy or unhappy, fulfilled or dissatisfied to a large degree decides our course of action and our health. Diseases not only make us feel unwell, but negative and suppressed emotions and feelings are a major contributing factor in causing our diseases. Certain emotions are traditionally linked with problems in certain organ functions. Anger, for example, damages the liver and conversely, irritability and quick temper are partly caused by liver problems. Suppressed anger is so destructive that it can lead to peptic ulcers, migraines and myriad of other health conditions when not expressed in a healthy or productive way. Anger is generally the most self-destructive emotion that you feel. This is because it’s an emotion focused on action. If you are not acting on the anger, then you are thinking about acting on the anger or hoping that someone else will act on the anger. We will write a custom essay sample on Anger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People who experience a lot of negative emotions and do not express these for fear of being rejected by others, have personalities that are routinely associated with heart failure, anxiety, depression and a reduced state of health. Our digestive juices are inhibited when we are upset or stressed, and asthma attacks may be triggered by fear or apprehension. The effect our emotions have over our general health is great enough that we can literally worry ourselves sick; have anger eat us alive or become invincible when we are in love.